58吃瓜

Overview

This module covers conservational, legal and socio-economical aspects associated with managing the marine environment. The module is organised into three themes: (1) coastal zone management and restoration, (2) socio-economics and (3) coastal zone law.

(1) Theme 1 is covered through focus on three different topics: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Marine Restoration and Nature Based Solutions. Ronan Roche presents an overview of the history, need, framework, methodology, current and future practices of coastal zone management and restoration. Ronan emphasises the need for an integrated approach to maintain ecological processes, biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Lectures cover Marine Spatial Planning, Policy formulation, Issues Analysis and Preparation of the Management Plan, including legislation, public participation, acquisition and jurisdiction, zoning, education, data banks and the blue economy. He also covers the establishment of marine protected areas and marine restoration. Martin Skov鈥檚 lectures follow from that and explore the topic of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), outlining the causes why NbS is needed and the benefits and the approaches to delivering NbS. As part of this component, Martin covers relations of ecosystem functioning and services with biodiversity, Shoreline management planning for flood protection, carbon capture and trading, payment for ecosystem services and practical examples of applying NbS to solve current-day pressures on the marine environment and coastal populations. The management and restoration theme culminates in an ICZM mini-conference, where students present analytical case studies of coastal zone management and restoration from around the world (e.g. Impact of sea level rise on Venice). Module marks arise from these individual-student presentations.

(2) Socio-economics. In a series of lectures and workshops, Katie Dubois and colleagues explore the needs for and approaches to socio-economic evaluations for marine management. Katie introduces the ethos and rationale of socioeconomic analysis with examples drawn from recreational fisheries, collection of wild marine foods and tourism. The subject of contingent valuation of biodiversity is explored through teaching students how to conduct a socio-economic questionnaire-based surveys. This component teaches the Willingness to Pay (WTP) approach to estimate the value to people of non-market ecological components, such as biodiversity. The socio-economic theme culminates in a student-led questionnaire-based survey: students work in groups to design a survey to value biodiversity using WTP, and then carry it out on the Bangor student population. The components closes with a continuous assessment, in which students write individual reports aimed at synthesising and discussing key results of the questionnaire-based survey in the context of the broader WTP literature.

(3) Coastal Zone Law. In this theme, Lynda Warren, a visiting Emeritus Professor from Aberystwyth University, explores the inter-related framework of public and private law governing the administration and use of coastal land and water. The legal problems involved in regulating the increasing pressures on the marine environment are examined through an analysis of: Definition of coastal zone; Sources of coastal zone law; The administrative structures; Property on the coastal zone - foreshore and sea bed ownership; Public and private rights; Jurisdiction in the coastal zone; Planning, coast protection and sea defence; Public health, pollution, fisheries, minerals, harbours, pilotage, customs, port health, defence and conservation; Law as a problem for coastal zone management and coastal zone management as a problem for law.

The module opens with an overview of the history, need, framework, methodology, current and future practice of coastal zone management and restoration. This component emphasises the need for an integrated approach to maintain essential ecological processes, to preserve biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Lectures cover marine spatial planning, issues analysis, coastal area management and development, concepts of integrated coastal management; management techniques and tools; resource assessment case studies; marine protected areas. Following this section the module outlines the topic of nature-based solutions (NbS) and as part of that covers topics concerning: the case for NbS, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, shoreline management planning, carbon capture and trading, payment for ecosystem services and practical examples of applying NbS to solve current-day marine conservational issues. The module then explores the inter-related framework of public and private law governing the administration and use of coastal land and water. The legal problems involved in regulating the increasing pressures on the marine environment are examined through an analysis of: the definition of coastal zone; sources of coastal zone law; the administrative structures; property/ownership on the coastal zone; public and private rights; jurisdiction in the coastal zone; public health, pollution, fisheries, minerals, harbours, pilotage, customs, port health, defence and conservation; law as a problem for coastal zone management and coastal zone management as a problem for law. The coastal zone law lectures illustrate some of these topics through practical case studies.

The third section of the module introduces the rationale and theory of socioeconomic analysis, the importance of biodiversity to marine ecosystem functioning, and approaches to contingent valuation through the use of questionnaire-based surveys. Lectures and workshop-style sessions use examples drawn from recreational fisheries, collection of wild marine foods and tourism. Data acquisition through questionnaires and their design is critically developed and evaluated.

Assessment Strategy

Threshold - (C grade / Pass) - Basic oral report with acceptable layout and presentation but missing detail. Survey/case-study design acceptable but not the most appropriate and implemented to produce the bare minimum of acceptable results. Discussion of results minimal with limited insight into the ecology of the habitat surveyed or the challenges of the case study/questionnaire- based surveying.

Good - (B grade / Merit) - Oral rReport with generally good layout and presentation. Survey/case-study design well suited to the habitat or human population and well implemented with attention to detail and effective work in the field. Methodology described well in a concise scientific fashion with important relevant details. Results described clearly with good tabulated and graphical presentation of data and appropriate statistics. Pertinent discussion of findings, including giving insight into the habitat case-study/questionnaire-based surveyed or the challenges associated with questionnaire based surveying, all, with use of appropriate references. Good appreciation of the pros and cons of techniques utilised.

Excellent - (A-grade / Distinction) - Outstanding oral or written reporting of a well- designed, thoroughly implemented survey or case-study. CPresentations having a concise introduction with well-rationalised covering study rationalejustification, all relevant aspects of the study, and clear aims and questions addressed. Materials and methods fully and succinctly described, data well presented in tabular and/or graphical format, data fully analysed using the correct analytical methods for all data sets. Discussion focused, critical and concise, covering all aspects of the study, and fully referenced. Design and layout of presentation exceptional.

Learning Outcomes

• appreciate the application of legislation in Coastal Zone Management

• exemplify success and failure in coastal zone management around the world

• know the reasons why coastal zone management may fail

• understand biodiversity, conservation and sustainable development

• understand the concept of marine ecological critical areas and the value of natural ecosystems

• understand the need for integrated coastal zone management

• understand the purpose of and how to construct a socio-economic questionnaire